Hnub ci piav qhia txog photovoltaics thiab hluav taws xob

Photovoltaic cells hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob

Lub photovoltaic (PV) cell, feem ntau hu ua lub hnub ci cell, yog ib qho khoom siv tsis siv neeg uas hloov lub hnub ci ncaj qha mus rau hluav taws xob. Qee lub hlwb PV tuaj yeem hloov lub teeb ci rau hauv hluav taws xob.

Photons nqa lub hnub ci zog

Lub hnub ci yog tsim los ntawm photons, los yog cov khoom ntawm lub hnub ci zog. Cov photons muaj ntau lub zog sib txawv uas sib haum rau qhov sib txawv wavelengths

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Kev khiav hluav taws xob

Kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob, txhua tus nqa cov nqi tsis zoo, mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum. Qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no, dhau los, tsim kom muaj qhov muaj peev xwm zoo li qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub roj teeb. Hluav taws xob conductors ntawm lub cell nqus cov electrons. Thaum cov conductors txuas rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob Circuit Court rau ib qho khoom siv sab nraud, xws li roj teeb, hluav taws xob ntws hauv Circuit Court.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm photovoltaic tshuab sib txawv los ntawm hom kev siv tshuab photovoltaic

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm PV hlwb hloov hnub ci rau hluav taws xob sib txawv los ntawm hom khoom siv semiconductor thiab PV cell technology. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam PV modules nruab nrab tsawg dua 10% nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1980s, nce mus txog 15% los ntawm 2015, thiab tam sim no nce mus txog 20% ​​rau lub xeev-of-the art modules. Kev sim PV hlwb thiab PV hlwb rau kev lag luam niche, xws li chaw satellites, tau ua tiav ze li ntawm 50%.

Yuav ua li cas photovoltaic systems ua haujlwm

PV cell yog lub hauv paus tsev thaiv ntawm PV system. Cov hlwb ntawm tus kheej tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm li 0.5 ntiv tes mus txog 4 ntiv tes hla. Txawm li cas los xij, ib lub xov tooj tsuas yog tsim 1 lossis 2 Watts xwb, uas tsuas yog muaj hluav taws xob txaus rau kev siv me me, xws li rau lub tshuab xam zauv lossis lub dab teg.

PV hlwb yog hluav taws xob txuas nrog rau hauv ib lub ntim, huab cua nruj PV module lossis vaj huam sib luag. PV modules sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me thiab qhov hluav taws xob uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim tau. PV module hluav taws xob tsim muaj peev xwm nce nrog cov xov tooj ntawm tes hauv lub module lossis hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub module. PV modules tuaj yeem txuas nrog hauv pab pawg los tsim PV array. PV array tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau pua PV modules. Tus naj npawb ntawm PV modules txuas nrog hauv PV array txiav txim siab tag nrho cov hluav taws xob uas cov array tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Cov cell photovoltaic tsim hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no (DC) hluav taws xob. Qhov hluav taws xob DC no tuaj yeem siv los them cov roj teeb uas, dhau los, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no. Yuav luag tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tau muab los ua qhov hloov pauv tam sim no (AC) hauv cov hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob thiab kev faib hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv hu ua

PV cell thiab modules yuav tsim hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws thaum lawv ncaj qha rau lub hnub. PV modules thiab arrays tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem taug qab uas txav cov modules mus tas li fim lub hnub, tab sis cov tshuab no kim heev. Feem ntau PV systems muaj modules nyob rau hauv ib tug taag txoj hauj lwm nrog lub modules tig ncaj qha mus rau sab qab teb (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hemisphereâ ​​raug rau sab qaum teb sab qab teb hemisphere) thiab ntawm lub kaum sab xis uas optimizes lub cev thiab nyiaj txiag kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub system.

Hnub ci photovoltaic hlwb yog pawg nyob rau hauv cov vaj huam sib luag (modules), thiab cov vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv los tsim hluav taws xob me me mus rau ntau qhov hluav taws xob, xws li siv cov twj tso kua dej rau cov tsiaj txhu, muab hluav taws xob rau cov tsev, lossis siv hluav taws xob- scale hluav taws xob tsim.

Tau qhov twg los: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (copyrighted)

Kev siv ntawm photovoltaic systems

Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws photovoltaic tshuab fais fab lub tshuab xam zauv thiab lub dab teg. Cov tshuab loj tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob rau cov twj tso kua dej, siv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, muab hluav taws xob rau ib lub tsev lossis kev lag luam, lossis tsim cov khoom loj uas muab hluav taws xob rau ntau txhiab tus neeg siv hluav taws xob.

Qee qhov zoo ntawm PV systems yog

â, PV systems tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob (cov kab hluav taws xob), thiab lawv tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob rau ib qho
â ¢ PV arrays tuaj yeem ntsia tau sai thiab tuaj yeem ua txhua qhov loj.
â ¢ Cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm PV systems nyob rau hauv cov tsev yog tsawg heev.

Tau qhov twg los: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (copyrighted)

Tau qhov twg los: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (copyrighted)

Keeb kwm ntawm photovoltaic

Thawj qhov siv tau PV cell tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1954 los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xov tooj Bell. Pib thaum xyoo 1950s, PV hlwb tau siv los ua lub zog US chaw satellites. Los ntawm lig 1970s, PV panels tau muab hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb, los yog

US Energy Information Administration (EIA) kwv yees tias hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob PV fais fab nroj tsuag tau nce los ntawm 76 lab kilowatthours (kWh) hauv xyoo 2008 txog 69 billion (kWh) hauv 2019. Kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj tsawg kawg yog 1,000 kilowatts (los yog ib megawatt) ntawm hluav taws xob tsim muaj peev xwm. EIA kwv yees tias 33 billion kWh tau tsim los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob me me txuas nrog PV hauv xyoo 2019, nce los ntawm 11 billion kWh hauv xyoo 2014. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob me me yog cov tshuab uas muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob tsawg dua ib megawatt. Feem ntau nyob ntawm cov tsev thiab qee zaum hu ua